"It would also be nice if sin( x ) and cos( x ) could be computed simultaneously with reduced cost. I doubt if this is possible but would like to know if it is." Sure: sine = sin(x); cosine = sqrt(1.0 - sine*sine); Sqrt() is lots cheaper than cos(). :-) -- Andrew Klossner (decvax!tektronix!orca!andrew) [UUCP] (orca!andrew.tektronix at csnet-relay) [ARPA]